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Cardiovascular Disease in India: Identify The Risks & Causes

By Dr. Balbir Singh in Cardiac Sciences , Cardiology

Jan 17 , 2025 | 2 min read

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in India, a trend that has been evident since 2015, positioning the country at the forefront of global cardiovascular mortality rates. Interestingly, even among cancer patients, heart-related issues such as heart attacks are a significant cause of death. Thus, while cancer is often perceived as more lethal, the reality is that heart disease claims far more lives. This misconception stems from a lack of awareness.

Families often react with intense concern upon hearing a cancer diagnosis, whereas heart disease is frequently underestimated, with many assuming that medications alone can manage the condition effectively. This disparity in perception overlooks the fact that heart disease is still the primary cause of death in India.

India's population is ethnically predisposed to cardiovascular disease, with prevalence and mortality rates surpassing those of other countries. Studies conducted on Indian populations, both within the country and abroad, consistently highlight this heightened risk. Indians living in places like London and New York have a much higher cardiovascular risk compared to the local Caucasian population. However, Indians residing in India face the highest risk globally. Several factors contribute to this alarming scenario, including the high prevalence of diabetes and visceral obesity. Unlike generalised obesity, visceral obesity involves the accumulation of fat around the abdomen, leading to conditions such as fatty liver, insulin resistance, and elevated triglycerides. These factors increase the risk of heart disease. Additionally, unfavourable waist-to-hip ratios and small waist circumferences, common among Indians, further exacerbate the issue.

The gender disparity in heart disease is also notable, with men being more affected than women. While data from rural areas may be limited, it is evident that the prevalence of heart disease in these regions is rising, mirroring trends in urban areas. Surprisingly, the lower socioeconomic strata experience higher rates of cardiovascular deaths despite assumptions that their lifestyle might offer some protection. This paradox highlights the complex interplay of risk factors such as inadequate healthcare access, poor nutrition, and lack of awareness in these communities.

Key contributors to heart disease in India include high cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, and visceral obesity. The increasing rates of heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths underscore the urgent need for preventive measures. These measures include reducing smoking, managing hypertension, exercising regularly, and adopting a healthy diet. Awareness campaigns should emphasise that heart disease is largely preventable and that addressing modifiable risk factors can significantly reduce its impact.

Conclusion

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in India is on an alarming rise, affecting both urban and rural populations. The trend poses a serious threat to the nation's health and demands immediate attention. Heart disease should be approached with the same level of urgency and fear associated with cancer. Just as cancer prompts individuals to comply with rigorous treatments out of fear, a similar attitude toward heart disease could motivate lifestyle changes and preventive actions. Only by fostering this awareness can we hope to curb the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in India.