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Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia Treatment in Delhi, India

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Overview

Dysgraphia is a condition that is apparent in patients with learning disabilities associated with writing. dysgraphia is deemed as a neurological condition and is widely seen among adults or children. Patients with dysgraphia may find difficulties in writing words that are hard to read. This might lead them to use wrong words, spelling, word spacing, legibility, and expression. As per the studies, five to twenty percent of children are known to develop writing complications like dysgraphia. It’s evident that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are mostly affected by learning disorders such as dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia. Adults might develop dysgraphia due to a traumatic event. With proper diagnosis, patients can acquire strategies to overcome the situation.

Symptoms

One of the common signs of dysgraphia is indecipherable handwriting. Though some evidence shows, patients having neat handwriting might also be diagnosed with dysgraphia. In such cases, patients need a longer time and effort to write precisely. In most cases, dysgraphia can remain undiagnosed among the children as they are in a learning phase. Some major symptoms associated with dysgraphia include:

  • Patients with dysgraphia find difficulties spelling correctly
  • Patients are More prone to mix print and cursive letters
  • Inappropriate spacing and sizing of letters
  • Copying words can be difficult 
  • Laboured and slow writing is apparent
  • One might not be able to visualise the words or phrases before writing 
  • Unusual position of the hand or body while writing
  • Patients hold their pencil or pen tightly which leads to hand cramps
  • Patients tend to watch their hands while writing
  • While writing, the tendency to read loudly

Symptoms of dysgraphia often change over time. Children diagnosed with dysgraphia face difficulties associated with writing mechanics. In the case of adults, symptoms can be diverse as they might face issues associated with syntax, grammar, or comprehension. 

Causes

As per the studies, dysgraphia can be acquired as well as developmental. 

Acquired dysgraphia:

Acquired dysgraphia is typically noticed among adults or young adults. This condition is associated with brain injury or other diseases that might affect the existing writing skills of a person.

Developmental dysgraphia:

This indicates incapability of acquiring writing skills. Developmental dysgraphia is mostly seen among children.  The major cause of developmental dysgraphia is still not known. However, researchers have determined several subtypes, that are similar to some neurological mechanisms. 

  • Motor dysgraphia: lack of visual perception and fine motor coordination are mostly associated with dysgraphia that forms difficulties to write. Poor drawing and inappropriate and slow handwriting are common traits among patients with motor dysgraphia. 
  • Linguistic dysgraphia: patients with linguistic dysgraphia often faces writing issues due to the lack of language processing skills. It affects the continuous flow of writing.
  • Spatial dysgraphia: this results from the issues with spatial awareness. It shows the difficulty in staying within a line on a piece of paper.  

Diagnosis

Dysgraphia is diagnosed typically by licensed psychologists who specialize in learning disorders, though it can include a specialist team, including special education teachers, occupational therapists, and educational psychologists. The team utilizes a variety of tools in determining a diagnosis such as psychoeducational measures, school reports, review of the medical, developmental, and familial history of the individuals, and standardized assessments of writing. Doctors may suggest some tests including:

  • A writing component tests how the individuals answer brief questions of essays or copy out sentences.
  • A fine-motor component tests the reflexes of the individuals and their motor speed. 

The diagnosing specialists work for getting a sense of both the physical act of writing itself and the writing quality and how well the patients convey ideas and organize thoughts. 

Treatment

Treatment for dysgraphia is focused on accommodations, intervention, and special services for circumventing writing-related activities or/and enhancing writing capabilities. Attempts at more practice and remediation are not enough alone, other modifications and accommodations are essential for managing successfully the condition given the nature of dysgraphia.

Doctors may suggest therapy including:

  • Occupational therapy includes manipulating several materials to build hand and wrist strength, running letter formation drills, and practicing cursive writing, which can be easier than printing. 

Accommodations of dysgraphia may help the patients to improve their writing ability at Work and in School including:

  • Using large pencils with special grips
  • Utilizing paper with raised lines for helping with margins
  • Asking or permitting extra time on writing-related tasks and assignments
  • Permitting alternative approaches for showcasing work and learning.
  • Utilizing assistive electronic technologies.
  • Asking for a copy of every written material provided within the workplace or class.
  • Taking notes throughout meetings

Other interventions for dysgraphia include:

  • Letter-formation drills
  • Handwriting-training programs

Complication

The mechanics of writing abilities are more difficult with dysgraphia, making students more probable to fall behind peers without the learning disorders. Writing issues are also combined with persistent struggles of academic and lower self-perception that can persist to adulthood.  The complication might include handwriting is slow, irregular sized letters, inconsistent spacing, speaking the words out loud while writing, difficulty with syntax, and grammar, and pronounced differences between written and spoken understanding of any topics.

Risk factors

The students with dysgraphia simply may fail an exam due to not being able to translate their ideas and thoughts and answer onto paper. The risk factors also include the lifelong condition of dysgraphia that keeps on increasing with age. 

Prognosis

Dysgraphia has no cure and often becomes fatal at the end of life. The learning disabilities keep on increasing with age and depend on other health conditions. Medications that are used to treat ADHD help with dysgraphia in some children who have both the conditions of learning disabilities and health conditions. 

Review

Reviewed by Dr. Amit Batra, Associate Director - Neurosciences, Neurology.

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